【干货分享】交换机知识解读
<section style="box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><section class="ui-sortable-handle Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style=" box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); font-size: 28.8px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; line-height: 1.2; padding-top: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">交换机知识解读</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"></span><br></p></section><section class="" style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); margin-top: 0.2em; margin-right: 2.3em; margin-left: 2.3em; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); margin: 0.2em 4.6em; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); margin-right: 6.9em; margin-left: 6.9em; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="ui-sortable-handle Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style=" box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; text-align: center; padding-left: 0.8em; padding-right: 0.8em;box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 100%; text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section class="" style="box-shadow: rgba(159, 160, 160, 0.498039) 0px 0px 10px; width: 100%; padding: 8px; float: left; margin-top: -3.2em; margin-bottom: -2.8em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(254, 255, 255);"><section class="" style="width: 100%; float: left; padding: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style=" margin-right: 0%; margin-left: 0%;box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">在高清网络视频监控系统中，经常有客户反馈画面延时、卡顿等现象，<span style="line-height: 1.6;">造成这种现象的原因可能是各种各样的因素导致，但很多情况下还是交换机的配置不合理导致的。</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6;"><br></span></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">交换机是整个系统不可缺少的设备，它是否正确配置直接影响网络监控系统后期的稳定性。</section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="width: 100%; text-align: right; box-sizing: border-box;"></p><section class="" style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="ui-sortable-handle Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style=" box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.55em; margin-bottom: 0.55em;box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 2em; height: 2.16em; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.4em; border-top-left-radius: 0.4em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"><section class="" style="line-height: 2.16em; width: 2em; height: 1em; padding-left: 0.5em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">一</section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 0px; border-left-width: 0.5em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); border-top-width: 1.08em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 1.08em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: left; padding: 0.2em 0.3em; margin-top: -2.11111em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1em; border: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87); border-radius: 0.4em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 1.5em; margin-left: 2px; float: left; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">交换机的两个重要参数</section></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="ui-sortable-handle Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style=" box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 2em; text-align: left; float: left; margin: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-left-width: 1.2em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(123, 208, 149); border-top-width: 1.2em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(123, 208, 149); border-right-width: 1.2em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 1.2em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="width: 1.6em; height: 2em; line-height: 1.9em; overflow: hidden; margin-top: -2.5em; text-align: center; color: white; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">1</section></section></section><section class="" style="border: 2px solid rgb(249, 110, 87); width: 100%; padding: 10px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style=" box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 背板带宽：</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">交换机的背板带宽也叫背板容量，是交换机接口处理器或接口卡和数据总线间所能吞吐的最大数据量。背板带宽标志了交换机总的数据交换能力，单位为Gbps，一台交换机的背板带宽越高，所能处理数据的能力就越强。</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">背板带宽计算方法：</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">背板带宽=端口数*端口速度*2</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">如果总带宽≤标称背板带宽，那么在背板带宽上是线速的，无阻塞。</section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="ui-sortable-handle Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style=" box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; text-align: center;box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="width: 2em; text-align: left; float: left; margin: 2px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="width: 0px; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; border-left-width: 1.2em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(123, 208, 149); border-top-width: 1.2em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(123, 208, 149); border-right-width: 1.2em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 1.2em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="width: 1.6em; height: 2em; line-height: 1.9em; overflow: hidden; margin-top: -2.5em; text-align: center; color: white; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">2</section></section></section><section class="" style="border: 2px solid rgb(249, 110, 87); width: 100%; padding: 10px 25px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style=" box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="text-align: left; box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">包转发率：</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">包转发率，也称端口吞吐量，是指路由器在某端口进行的数据包转发能力，<span style="line-height: 1.6;">单位通常使用pps（包每秒）来衡量。</span></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">包转发率的计算方法：</section><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">包转发率= 满配置千兆端口×1.488Mpps+满配置百兆端口数×0.1488Mpps</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6;">（1个千兆端口在包长为64字节时的理论吞吐量为1.488Mpps，1个百兆端口在包长为64字节时的理论吞吐量为0.1488Mpps）</span></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">整机转发率≤标称包转发率，那么交换设备在整机转发上是线速的，无阻塞</section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="ui-sortable-handle Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style=" box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em;box-sizing: border-box; "><section style="height: 10px; box-sizing: border-box; background: url("http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz/p8CaKzvQibq495MRuBFDlIeOHumMtWQGBGIgnnYmMic2mwe4iacIY8GBoooCDPMRvnD0M7R017bbIjwu2yqSy630g/0?wx_fmt=png") repeat-x rgb(249, 110, 87);" class=""></section></section></section><section class="ui-sortable-handle Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style=" box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.55em; margin-bottom: 0.55em;box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 2em; height: 2.16em; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.4em; border-top-left-radius: 0.4em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"><section class="" style="line-height: 2.16em; width: 2em; height: 1em; padding-left: 0.5em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">二</section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 0px; border-left-width: 0.5em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); border-top-width: 1.08em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 1.08em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: left; padding: 0.2em 0.3em; margin-top: -2.11111em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1em; border: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87); border-radius: 0.4em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 1.5em; margin-left: 2px; float: left; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">交换机的选择建议</section></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="ui-sortable-handle Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style=" box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.45em;box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-right-width: 2px; border-right-style: solid; border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); padding: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style=" box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">这里我只例举中小型网络，交换机配置一般由接入层、汇聚层两个部分组成</section><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">接入层：</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">我们常用的交换机的实际带宽是理论值的50%-70%，所以一个百兆口的实际带宽在50M-70M。一个海康H.264编码200万,4.5M码率的摄像头，4.5*11=49.5M</p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">所以理论来说，一台交换机可以接入11个4.5M码率的摄像头，但是考虑实际情况， 摄像机动态编码，码流峰值可能会超过4M带宽，建议一个百兆交换机控制在8台以内的摄像头，超过建议选择千兆</section><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">汇聚层：</p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">性能比接入交换机要求要高，一般情况下汇聚交换机需选择带千兆上传口的二层交换机</section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="width: 0px; margin-right: -0.45em; float: right; border-top-width: 1em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); border-left-width: 0.5em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 0.5em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="ui-sortable-handle Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style=" box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.55em; margin-bottom: 0.55em;box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="display: inline-block; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 2em; height: 2.16em; border-bottom-left-radius: 0.4em; border-top-left-radius: 0.4em; box-sizing: border-box; background-color: rgb(249, 110, 87);"><section class="" style="line-height: 2.16em; width: 2em; height: 1em; padding-left: 0.5em; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">三</section></section></section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; width: 0px; border-left-width: 0.5em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); border-top-width: 1.08em !important; border-top-style: solid !important; border-top-color: transparent !important; border-bottom-width: 1.08em !important; border-bottom-style: solid !important; border-bottom-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section><section style="float: left; padding: 0.2em 0.3em; margin-top: -2.11111em; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1em; border: 1px solid rgb(249, 110, 87); border-radius: 0.4em; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style="padding-right: 5px; padding-left: 1.5em; margin-left: 2px; float: left; display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">教你如何计算</section></section></section><section style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section></section><section class="ui-sortable-handle Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style=" box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 0.5em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; padding-right: 0.45em;box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="border-right-width: 2px; border-right-style: dashed; border-right-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); padding: 5px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style=" box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">海康的摄像头目前分H.264编码的摄像头和H.265编码的摄像头。</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">对于计算码率值时，通常是需要将主码流大小与子码流大小加起来</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">H.264编码的摄像头<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">通常说：</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">100W/130W=2.5M</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">200W=4.5M</section><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">300W=6.5M</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">H.265的摄像头搭配H.265的录像机，可以达到码率减半的效果，<span style="line-height: 1.6; box-sizing: border-box;">不同像素的摄像机常见码率如下：</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">200W=2.5M</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">300W=3.5M</section><p style="box-sizing: border-box;">400W=4.5M</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br></p><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">知道了上面对应的关系，然后跟据下面的公式就可以计算出来该如何去选择交换机啦</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(250, 68, 43); box-sizing: border-box;">摄像头的码率*数量=上传口的实际最小带宽</span></section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="color: rgb(18, 18, 18); box-sizing: border-box;">超过建议选择千兆网管型交换机哦，可以优化提升带宽利用率，保障传输的畅通性。</span></section></section></section></section></section><section class="" style="width: 0px; margin-right: -0.45em; float: right; border-top-width: 1em; border-top-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); border-left-width: 0.5em !important; border-left-style: solid !important; border-left-color: transparent !important; border-right-width: 0.5em !important; border-right-style: solid !important; border-right-color: transparent !important; box-sizing: border-box;"></section><section class="" style="clear: both; box-sizing: border-box;"></section></section></section><section class="ui-sortable-handle Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style=" box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; margin-right: -1em; max-width: 12% !important; box-sizing: border-box;"> </section><section style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: top; max-width: 88% !important; box-sizing: border-box;"> <section class="" style="border-left-width: 0.6em; border-left-style: solid; border-left-color: rgb(249, 110, 87); box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style="box-sizing: border-box;"><section class="" style=" margin-top: -10px; margin-bottom: -13px;box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style="margin-right: 0.5em; padding-top: 5px; padding-left: 10px; box-sizing: border-box;"><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">偷偷的告诉你们：</section><section style="box-sizing: border-box;">海康也出经销型交换机啦，详细参数可以下载经销经销APP了解</section></section></section></section></section> </section></section></section></section><section class="ui-sortable-handle Powered-by-XIUMI V5" style=" box-sizing: border-box; "><section class="" style=" text-align: center; margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px;box-sizing: border-box; "></section></section></section>
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