上街乡土文化丨都巡许氏宗祠
<section data-role="outer" label="edit by 135editor"><section data-role="outer" label="edit by 135editor"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="text-align:center;outline: 0px;vertical-align: initial;font-size: 15px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: #888888;font-size: 13px;visibility: visible;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: 1.54em;font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">文 | 林其国 许子秋</span></p><p style="text-align:center;outline: 0px;vertical-align: initial;font-size: 15px;visibility: visible;"><br></p></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;visibility: visible;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="padding: 3px;outline: 0px;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: black;visibility: visible;"><section style="padding: 10px;outline: 0px;border-color: rgb(128, 128, 128);border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;visibility: visible;"><section deep="14" style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p></p><p style="text-indent:2em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">都巡许氏宗祠，坐落于都巡村的凤山南麓。祠堂坐北朝南，气派非凡。宗祠始建于清康熙年间，清乾隆三十二年(1767)重建。正门上端立一方御赐的“都巡许氏宗祠”横式石匾，并在石匾上方镶嵌一块竖式“圣旨”石碑。1997年，由海内外宗亲捐资，在原祠基础上进行第五次重修。重修后的宗祠，建筑总面积1000多平方米，外围是国公帽风火墙，围墙之外又辟有园林，植有松树、柏树、樟树、柠檬桉等树木，苍翠茂密，护卫着整座宗祠，构成了一个风景优美的环境。</span></p><p style="text-indent:2em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">祠堂大门之前辟了“三重埕”。埕的周边陂岸，均用花岗石铺砌，中间是草坪，占地面积400多平方米。前埕两边围有矮墙，并种植了葱茏的柏树。在第二埕的左右两侧，铺以条石为阶，可拾级而上。第三埕左右两旁各立花岗岩双旗杆碣。祠貌颇具特色。1999年，都巡许氏宗祠被列为闽侯县第四批文物保护单位。</span></p><p style="text-indent:2em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">祠堂大门左右边门上方分别嵌有“入孝”“出悌”石匾，书法圆润厚重、雄健遒劲。进入大门的照壁屏风上有一副对联:“祠建凤山绵祖泽，堂朝虎岜焕宗枋。”祠堂背靠凤山，面朝虎岜。前回廊为抬梁式木构架，七柱四扛梁，蔚为壮观。祠堂正厅，供奉历代祖先灵位，中间安置一尊御史台察院都巡抚使许庠的坐式塑像，威严而慈祥。厅堂的后面，另建一座文昌阁，为双层楼阁式木构建筑，悬山顶，面阔五间，进深二间，左边设有扶手木梯。文昌阁上一副对联云:“端赖朱衣频点首，能登红榜可扬眉。”可见许氏宗族历来崇文重教，功名昌盛。文昌阁前的后进天井左右植有两株铁树，已有300余龄，直径75厘米，高6米，遍体苍鳞，苞芽累累，斜指苍穹，如双龙凌空，气概不凡，成为许氏宗祠的一大奇观。厅堂上还悬挂有许多金碧辉煌的牌匾，有“察院都巡抚”“进士”“翰林”“院士”等。此外，祠厅的许多立柱上都是由名家所撰的覆竹镏金祠联，如本族乡贤、浙江按察使许贞干撰联“太岳分支六千年午运重开堂构聿新就日瞻云翊世无忘宗祖德，洪江衍派九万里南溟可徙澄清有志登车揽辔济时端赖子孙贤”，晚清太子太傅陈宝琛撰联“地以官名溯豸节馨香祖德绳绳光数典，祠因山建看凤冈形势吉人蔼蔼应归吕”等，大大提高了都巡许氏宗祠的文化品位。</span></p><p style="text-indent:2em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">上街都巡许氏，族史悠久，代有贤人。十世祖许庠，字养之，宋熙宁元年(1068)官御史台察院都巡抚，后世遂以之官职为地名，称茂峰山(凤山)下许氏定居之地为“都巡”。二十三世许宝，字而礼，官湖广黄州府同知。三十五世许亨超，清嘉庆己未科(1799)进士，钦赐翰林庶吉士，初任江川知县，后擢升腾越州知府。三十六世许利宾，清道光丁未科(1847)进士，任河南豫州县正堂。三十七世许贞干，清光绪壬辰科(1892)进士，官至浙江按察使兼司道台。北宋，许远、许玢、许隐、许周均为郎官。清，许亨超、许利宾、许贞干叔侄父子和许任采、许廷坚、许元宁、许亨超父子孙孙都是钦赐翰林。所以在祠厅上又立有熠熠生辉的“五代四郎官”“叔侄父子三进士”“父子孙孙世翰林”的牌匾。当代，三十八世许居衍，为中国集成电路发展做出重大贡献，是中国集成电路工业技术的奠基人与开拓者之一，1995年当选中国工程院院士……</span></p><p style="text-indent:2em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">许姓始祖系周武王所封姜姓裔孙文叔，封地许(今河南许昌市)，遂以国为姓。后裔之一支传至河南光州固始县。光州固始许爱，字令骥，号十一公，唐光启元年(885)随王审知入闽，唐龙纪元年(889)弃官归隐徙闽清定居，为闽清许氏一世祖。其五世许宽，于宋端拱元年(988)，从闽清分迁到侯官县石门峡，不久在茂峰山下定居，成为闽侯上街都巡许氏始祖。</span></p><p style="text-indent:2em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">都巡许氏宗祠记录着许氏家族的辉煌与传统，是许氏家族的圣殿、都巡村里的文脉、宗亲情感的寄托。外地客人来到都巡必去参观许氏宗祠。海内外都巡许氏宗亲回到都巡故土，都会到宗祠朝拜，2010年11月6日，许居衍院士带儿子许立超返乡恳亲，专程到茂峰山(凤山)进都巡许氏宗祠拜祖。都巡许氏宗祠是许氏家族的历史文化遗产，也是上街镇的历史文化名片。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p 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