芯观察 | 2022年全球三大CPU市场格局
<div id="article_content_3352_1619061972"><section class="mp_profile_iframe_wrp" style="margin-top: 0px;margin-bottom: 0px;"><mp-common-profile class="js_uneditable custom_select_card mp_profile_iframe" data-id="MzIwOTk2OTQ1NA==" data-pluginname="mpprofile" data-headimg="http://mmbiz.qpic.cn/mmbiz_png/pCcxjtSs2hQY1cxYUibKjf5kqVVERLP8fMia95Fpupp0QxibFDRicNkB6iak9OQKeYgQ2qaiaSD0ib1XE4GpMshiclCq1g/0?wx_fmt=png" data-nickname="信创咨询" data-alias="XConsultancy" data-signature="关注数字化+信创，侧重于政策解读、咨询研究报告等内容。" data-from="0" data-is_biz_ban="0"></mp-common-profile></section><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="white-space: normal;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" background-color:="" max-width:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" margin-bottom:=""><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section data-role="outer" label="Powered by 135editor.com" style="max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><section style="margin: 8px 0px;padding: 0px;clear: both;min-height: 1em;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size: 17px;font-style: normal;font-variant-ligatures: normal;font-variant-caps: normal;font-weight: 400;orphans: 2;text-indent: 0px;text-transform: none;white-space: normal;widows: 2;word-spacing: 0px;-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;caret-color: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);text-decoration-thickness: initial;text-decoration-style: initial;text-decoration-color: initial;font-family: -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" background-color:="" text-align:=""><br></section></section></section></section><p style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" visibility:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2018年前，x86架构的服务器占据全球服务器99%以上市场份额；2020年，</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;visibility: visible;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">采用ARM架构服务器的市场份额快速提升至2.7%。</span></span></p><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" visibility:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;visibility: visible;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;visibility: visible;">在x86领域里，Intel仍是王者，AMD挑战势头正盛</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);visibility: visible;">。Intel在全球服务器市场的份额一直保持在90%以上，</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;visibility: visible;">AMD自从推出基于Zen架构的EYPC系列服务器后开始不断侵蚀Intel的地盘，截至2021年H1，AMD服务器出货量占比超过10%。</span></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" visibility:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);visibility: visible;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">基于x86架构的王者Intel与挑战者AMD；基于ARM架构的挑战者Apple。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">本章亦详细梳理了三家厂商在UMA（Unified Memory Architecture，统一内存架构）方向的尝试与布局，</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;font-weight: bold;">探讨CPU未来演进的方向——众核、异构、集成。</span></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(192, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">1、X86领域：Intel和AMD占领市场</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;font-weight: bold;">X86架构目前占据服务器、桌面及移动PC的主要市场份额,非X86架构产品不断发起进攻。</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;">2018-2019年，在X86领域，AMD市场规模增长了1.0%，Intel市场份额小幅度下滑，但仍然呈现出</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">主导态势</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></span></section><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 0.544px;caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);"></span></p><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">在服务器领域，</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Intel市占率仍然高达96%以上，同时AMD公司正在努力提升自己的市场份额，从</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;">2018年的1.8%增长到2019年的3.9%，同比增长117.0%。</span></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">在笔记本电脑领域，</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">AMD市占率大幅上升，从2018年的10%增长到2019年的14.6%，Intel则下降</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;">了5.1%。</span></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">在桌上型电脑领域中，</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">AMD市占率持续上升，兆芯也占据了一定市场份额。</span></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(192, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">2、非X86领域：ARM占据绝对优势</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在非X86领域，</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">ARM</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">以低能耗、高效率、发展时间长的优势占据移动终端市场的主导地位，使用最广泛、发展最成熟，</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">市占率达到43.2%</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">；</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">RISC-V</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">发展时间短且更加灵活，在物联网领域备受关注，近几年以其开源性质被重点关注发展，后续有望在新兴领域崭露头角；</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">MIPS</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">主要应用在网关、机顶盒等网络设备中，市占率达到9%；</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">Power</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">所代表的小型机是企业IT基础设施的核心，但在相关市场的占有率仅1%左右；</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">Alpha</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">指令集基本已退出国际主流应用；</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">SPARC</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">早先被Sun公司开源，后被</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;">Oracle公司并购，如今已消失。</span></span></section><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 0.544px;caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">在移动终端方面，</span><span style="font-size: 16px;background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);letter-spacing: 0.544px;caret-color: rgb(34, 34, 34);outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">ARM占据绝对优势，通过授权占据移动设备端90%以上的市场，构成市场上的标准架构；</span></p><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"></span></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">在服务器方面，</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">非X86目前参与者有华为、飞腾、高通、亚马逊等，华为的鲲鹏服务器是ARM服务器的重要参与者，而国产龙芯是基于MIPS的服务器重要厂商；</span></span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei=""></span></section><p style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">在桌面PC市场，</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">ARM正逐</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;">渐被跟多企业应用，2011年微软开始采用ARM的Windows系统，ARM开始进入X86的传统优势领域，如今苹果MacOS、新版Windows等均采用了ARM。</span></span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:=""></span></p><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;font-weight: bold;color: rgb(255, 76, 0);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一、CPU厂商：Intel</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（1）X86</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">：英特尔在服务器CPU领域的布局，自</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">首款产品Pentium Pro推出以来，已经有25</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">年之久。</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">近12年来，英特尔服务器CPU的平台包括：</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Thurley 、 Romley、Grantley、</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Purley和Whitley，公司预计2021年发布全</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">新的Eagle Stream。</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">这些服务器CPU的演化</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;font-weight: bold;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">几乎采用了和桌面CPU相同的“Tick-</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">Tock”（钟摆）战略</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">，即在“Tick”时升级</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">CPU的制程，而在“Tock”时升级微架构。</span></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2017年以来，英特尔将服务器CPU的原有的</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;">E7、E5、E3产品线由高到低细分为Platinum（铂金）、Gold（金）、Silver（</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">银）、Bronze（铜），</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">满足从低阶的中小企业到高阶的人工智能，不同的性能需求</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2020年6月，英特尔发布了最新的Whirley</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;">平台的CooperLake服务器CPU，使用14nm++制程，支持8通道DDR4 ECC内存和PCIE3.0协议。</span></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">（2）ARM/MIPS/Power：</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">为了保证电脑能继续</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;">运行以往开发的各类应用程序以保护和继承丰富的软件资源，所以很长一段时间内Intel</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">公司所生产的所有CPU</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">仍然继续使用X86指令集</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">（3）RISC-V </span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">：2021年10月英特尔就已推出了基于RISC-V架构的Nios V处理器。2022年2 月 ，以X86架构为主的</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">英特尔宣布加入RISC-V 国际基金会</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，并设立了10亿美元基金用于扶持初创和成</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;">熟企业进行代工生态的创新，其中很大一部分资金将用于RISC-V。</span></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;font-weight: bold;">（4）Intel的单核到多核之路：</span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;">自Intel在1978年推出第一颗x86处理器8086后，CPU的发展方向一直都是整合更多的指令集与外部控制器，以及更高的主频。当CPU的单核效能与频率都到瓶颈之后，Intel与AMD都开始向多核发展。</span></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" text-align:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word=""></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" text-align:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word=""></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">自Intel在1978年推出第一颗x86处理器8086后，CPU的发展方向一直都是整合更多的指令集与外部控制器，以及更高的主频。当CPU的单核效能与频率都到瓶颈之后，Intel与AMD都开始向多核发展。</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（5）Intel的UMA尝试</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">UMA（Unified Memory Architecture）：</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">传统的CPU和GPU虽位于同一个SoC芯片上，但由</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;">于于内存的不同访问习惯和数据结构，导致它们虽使用相同的内存RAM，但其存取空间仍然是分开的。而UMA基于异构计算，将CPU、GPU、NPU、FPGA等通用、专用处理器集成到一起，协同计算、各司其职，从而提升带宽、延迟和性能表现。</span></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Intel第六代酷睿处理器(Skylake，2015年)i7-6700K的ring互联架构集成了Intel Gen9核显。CPU核心、LLC(last </span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;">level cache)、GPU和System Agent之间通过SoC Ring Interconnect相连，而且每个连接对象都有专门的本地接口。所有来自或者去往CPU核心，以及来自或者去往Intel GPU的(片外)系统内存数据交换事务，都经由这条互联ring实施，通过System Agent以及统一DRAM内存控制器。该LLC也与GPU共享。对于CPU核心与GPU而言，LLC</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">着力于降低访问系统DRAM的延迟，提供更高的有效带宽。</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">Intel处理器内部的核显其实是连片内的LLC cache都是可以访问的，和CPU核心算是平起平坐。</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">也就是说，</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">从很多年前开始，Intel就开始尝试UMA架构。</span></span></section><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" text-align:="" caret-color:=""></span></p><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;font-weight: bold;color: rgb(255, 76, 0);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">二、CPU厂商：AMD</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（1）X86</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">：AMD 2022年的旗舰产品将是EPYC Genoa服务器，它基于Zen 4架构，拥有庞大的96</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">核。此外，AMD还计划在2022年底发布基于Zen 4c的128核EPYC Bergamo服务器。AMD在发布7nm产品之后得到许多公有云服务商采用，如Google Cloud Platform、Microsoft Azure与Tencent，占比逐渐在2021年提升，目前渗透率已达一成以上。TrendForce集邦咨询预估，2022年AMD渗透率在全球服务器领域可望达到约15%。</span></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="font-size: 16px;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（2）ARM/MIPS/Power/RISC-V：</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">ADM在CPU市场中是坚定的X86追随者。基于庞大的软件基数</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">以及所掌握的工具技术资源，X86可以最快速度、最便捷途径去优化提高。</span></span></section><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">AMD在很早就发现在</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">以游戏为代表的多媒体体验上</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，比起CPU，更强的</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;">GPU才是大势所趋。考虑到Intel有自家的集成显卡技术，AMD另辟蹊径，</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">以GPU作为突破口</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，在笔记本领域取代Intel成为市场的主流。</span></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" text-align:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word=""></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" text-align:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word=""></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（3）AMD的UMA尝试</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在2017年以前，虽然AMD APU和英特尔酷睿都经历了七次更新迭代，但能被消费者口熟能详的却大都为酷睿家族，作为首创Fusion融聚理念的</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">APU却逐渐被边缘化</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。AMD的APU产品如今集成的GPU核显，在性能上并</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;">未能如十多年前刚诞生之时预期的那样，显著优于竞争对手。</span></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（4）APU逐渐边缘化的原因</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(192, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">强劲的竞争对手：</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">在AMD筹备第一代Llano APU之际，</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">Intel抢先一步</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">推出了第一代酷睿处理器（Westmere架构），将CPU和GPU打包封装，</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">在物理结构上实现了“二合一”</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。2011年，第二代酷睿处理器（Sandy Bridge）进一步实现了CPU和GPU的融合。虽然AMD的融合理念提出的最早，但在</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">落实方面却还是落在了Intel后面</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。随后，历代酷睿家族不断强化集成显卡性能，最终导致A</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">PU在GPU性能上的优势逐渐被稀释</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(192, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">落后的工艺：</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">生产工艺是制约处理器性能发挥的最核心指标，AMD的</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">上游晶圆公司厂Globalfounderies的生产效率难以跟上</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，使第一代Llano APU就因GF 32nm量产遇阻而从2010年延期到了2011年。给Intel抢先一步融合</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;">CPU和GPU的机会。</span></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(192, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">落伍的核心架构：</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">AMD APU从诞生之初，核心架构经历了K10→Bulldozer（推土机）→Piledriver（打桩机）→Steamroller（压路机）→Excavator（挖掘机），就AMD自身来看的确是越来越先进，但</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">与同期的英特尔酷睿家族相比，AMD的核心架构却早已落伍</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。受制于工艺和TDP的限制，APU在3D性能上几乎没什么提升。近些年</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;">AMD移动显卡和NVIDIA同期产品相比性能也是明显落后的，这就导致AMD笔记本在高端游戏市场的集体失利。</span></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（5）AMD的UMA尝试——HSA的成立与没落</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">2012年6月，AMD联合ARM、Imagination、联发科、德州仪器共同组建了非营利组织</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">“异构系统架构基金会”(HSA Foundation)</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，随后吸引了三星电子、高通以及大批行业公司、科研机构的加盟。</span></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(192, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">异构系统架构（HSA）联盟的目标：</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1) 实现节能，提高性能；2) 提高异构处理器的可编程性；3) 增加处理</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;">器和平台之间代码的可移植性；4) 增加整个行业中异构解决方案的普遍性</span></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(192, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">HSA的结局：</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">除了</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">游戏主机这个主场完整践行了APU思路</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，在PC领域APU完全体的</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">HSA联盟和生态基本处于荒废状态</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。如今应用于PC的APU更像是单纯将CPU、GPU放在同一颗die上的普通处理器;而且AMD的APU</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;">产品如今集成的GPU核显，在性能上也没能像刚诞生之时预期的那样，显著优于竞争对手。</span></span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei=""></span></section><p style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(192, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">HSA失败的原因</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(192, 0, 0);">：</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1）AMD对这个方向不再看好，</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">对生态疏于维护</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">；2）在PC领域，</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">HSA需要开发者响应，</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">鉴于AMD在PC市场上的</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">号召力不足</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，HSA难以真正实现；3）AMD如今的Zen架构处理器，在性能和效率上与推土机大相迳庭，也实现了对Intel酷睿处理器的超越，</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">不再需要运用APU概念进行竞争</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。</span></span><span style="letter-spacing: 0.544px;"></span><span style="font-family: mp-quote, -apple-system-font, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei=""></span></p><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;font-weight: bold;color: rgb(255, 76, 0);font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">三、CPU厂商：Apple</span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">（1）ARM：</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">苹果在2020年11月发布会中推出了新的面向Mac计算机的M1芯片，将为其新一代基于</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;">A的Mac提供动力。M1拥有160亿个晶体管，包括CPU、GPU、神经引擎和统一的内存架构，5纳米制程。苹果表示，新处理器将专注于电源效率，它有一组八核CPU，提供了世界上最好的CPU每瓦特的性能，能以四分之一的功耗提供与典型笔记本电脑CPU相同的峰值性能。</span></span></section><p style="text-align: justify;"></p><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="font-size: 16px;"><strong style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">（2）Apple的UMA尝试</span></strong></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(192, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">M1的诞生：</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Apple M1是由苹果公司研发的处理器芯片，</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">基于UMA统一内存架构</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。于2020年11月11日在苹</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;">果新品发布会上发布，适用于部分Mac、iPad设备。</span></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(192, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">为什么研发M1：</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1） 拥有</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">核心技术</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">是苹果的重要战略；2）Intel的</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">制造能力相对落后</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">；3）不仅能</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">延长电池寿命</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，还有可能</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">提升性能</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，甚至让笔记本电脑像手机一样工作。</span></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(192, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">Apple研发M1的优势：</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">1）苹果公司采用</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">垂直整合的封闭系统</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，不受兼容性需求的限制；2）苹果在过去Ax系列处理器自行定义独特功能，使苹果累计了雄厚的软件资产，布局了</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">相对成熟的生态系统</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">；3）苹果的强劲的</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">技术实力</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">和</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">自主研发能力</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">；4）苹果在移动领域和PC领域的</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">号召力</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">。这些优势使得苹果虽然晚于其他市场竞争</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;">者很久才进入市场，但却有着得天独厚的发展基础。</span></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(192, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">M1的基本思想：</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">将RAM作为处理器的所有部分都可以访问的单个内存池。当GPU需要更多的系统内存，则可</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;">以提高使用率，而SoC的其他部分则可以降低。另外，GPU，CPU和处理器的其他部分可以在相同的内存地址访问相同的数据。无需为SoC的每个部分分配部分内存，然后在处理器的不同部分的两个空间之间穿梭数据。</span></span></section><section style="margin-bottom: 16px;outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, " helvetica="" pingfang="" hiragino="" sans="" microsoft="" yahei="" letter-spacing:="" white-space:="" background-color:="" caret-color:="" text-size-adjust:="" line-height:="" box-sizing:="" border-box="" overflow-wrap:="" break-word="" text-align:=""><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-size: 16px;box-sizing: border-box !important;overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(192, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">M1的未来展望</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(192, 0, 0);">：</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">苹果在3月9日的发布会上推出自研的</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ, Bold;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-weight: bold;">M1 Ultra芯片</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">，通过UltraFusion架构将两个M1 Max</span><span style="outline: 0px;max-width: 100%;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-family: ΢ÈíÑźÚ;">芯片拼在一起，使芯片的各项硬件指标翻倍，性能也得到大幅提升。苹果的UltraFusion技术充分结合封装互连技术、半导体制造和电路设计技术，为整合面积更大、性能更高的算力芯片提供巨大的想象空间。</span></span></section><p style="display: none;"><mp-style-type data-value="3"></mp-style-type></p> </div>
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