上街乡土文化丨厚美三座里
<section data-role="outer" label="edit by 135editor"><section data-role="outer" label="edit by 135editor"><section data-role="outer" label="edit by 135editor"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p style="text-align:center;outline: 0px;vertical-align: initial;font-size: 15px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: #888888;font-size: 13px;visibility: visible;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: 1.54em;font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">文 | </span><span style="outline: 0px;color: #888888;font-size: 13px;visibility: visible;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: 1.54em;font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">张文耀</span></p><p style="text-align:center;outline: 0px;vertical-align: initial;font-size: 15px;visibility: visible;"><span style="outline: 0px;color: #888888;font-size: 13px;visibility: visible;letter-spacing: normal;line-height: 1.54em;font-family:Optima-Regular, PingFangTC-light;">图 | 邓高波</span></p></section></section></section></section></section><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;visibility: visible;"><section style="margin-top: 10px;margin-bottom: 10px;outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><section style="padding: 3px;outline: 0px;border-width: 3px;border-style: solid;border-color: black;visibility: visible;"><section style="padding: 10px;outline: 0px;border-color: rgb(128, 128, 128);border-width: 1px;border-style: solid;visibility: visible;"><section deep="14" style="outline: 0px;visibility: visible;"><p></p><p style="text-indent:2em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">厚美上厢三座里始建于清同治戊辰(1868)，坐东朝西，面向溪源宫莲花山。整座建筑为歇山顶，穿斗式木构架，面阔六扇五间，配有披舍、厢房，横厝等，进深三进，三厅，三天井。前门有宽敞的院埕。前座、中座为五柱厅，后座为七柱出廊厅，厅堂中柱高6.9米。始建时有夯土墙环围，主体建筑占地面积3000多平方米，其规模，高度在同时代当地民居中最为雄伟壮观，具有代表性地位。三座里挺拔匀称，古朴典雅的梁柱构架，精巧齐整的斗拱、枋，气势通畅的回廊，宽大而深的大条石天井，构成了轩昂大气的三进院落。三座里的大木架构整体线条简洁，关键处点缀有复杂雕饰，体现繁简结合的艺术处理手法，反映了游刃有余的纯熟设计。同时，三座里还存有多个同治年间留存的精美兽首石雕(天井石壁上)、多对方圆雕花石础;各房木窗格图案抽象、简洁，样式无一雷同;屋脊檐间传统砖雕和灰塑饰图，精湛古雅;代表了本地晚清民居的审美特点，有着很高的艺术价值，是一座福州闽侯地区晚清至民国传统民居的典型代表。</span></p><p style="text-align: center;"></p><p style="text-indent:2em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";"></span></p><p style="text-indent:2em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">三座里为张昭人父子建造。张昭人青年时亦农亦商，率子其柱、其章及孙辈艰苦创业，利用厚美渡口之便，在南港西乡开拓创业，卓有成效。其先后在竹岐、白沙、元口等乡镇开店经商，创办元丰、元隆商号。张家生意兴隆，又人丁兴旺，遂建造三座里大宅院，使家人得以安居乐业。三座里见证了清末民初闽侯乡镇农商结合的发展历史。</span></p><p style="text-indent:2em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">张昭人事业有成，不忘回报桑梓、热心公益、慷慨乐施、奖掖后辈、品德高尚，里人联名推荐，逐级上报朝廷。清同治壬申年(1872)奉旨敕授张昭人修职郎(正八品)。今“修职郎”金字匾额悬挂在大厅，被尊为三座里镇宅之宝，子孙后代引以为骄傲。</span></p><p style="text-indent:2em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">厚美张氏族亲、历史文化名人、清末民初重臣张元奇[光绪十二年(1886)进士]，少年时曾寄宿三座里读书，张昭人大力资助其遍访名师，而后学业大进，考取进士。张元奇将进士匾额复制后赠予三座里悬挂，以志铭恩。民国初年，张元奇回乡常居住在三座里，其家眷亦长期寄居三座里。以上这些都体现了三座里古厝的历史价值和文化底蕴。</span></p><p style="text-indent:2em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">三座里古厝建成50多年后，于1926年不幸遭火灾，房屋尽毁。尽管遭此重创，三座里族人没有败落。张昭人孙辈、曾孙辈二三十位青壮年等，团结族人，奋力重振家业，分块协作，仅用一年时间便在原台基上按照原型制规格恢复重建了三座里。只是原环围土墙不再筑起，前后未设院门，但仍不失伟岸气势。</span></p><p style="text-indent:2em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">三座里族人团结抗灾，重建家园的可贵精神一时传为美谈，为世代子孙所传承。</span></p><p style="text-indent:2em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">三座里大厅上挂有祖上留下的一副榜联:“耕读传家存祖德，诗书继代振家声。”其后裔子孙谨遵祖训，励志向上，学业为重，人才辈出。先后从古厝走出30多位大学生(不包括海外华侨)。其中张国祯、张剑葳父子均为北京大学博士。张文质华东师大毕业后任职于福建省教育厅，著作等身。张文棋上海交大毕业，曾任南平市发改委主任，高级工程师。张良，福州大学毕业，现任宁德市税务局局长。三座里子孙学有所成，报效祖国，传为佳话。</span></p><p style="text-indent:2em;"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, "Microsoft YaHei";">2018年三座里修缮一新，重新悬挂张昭人“修职郎”金匾，恢复并新制“三座里”“百忍堂”匾额各一面，恢复新制榜联七副。这真是:盛世臻福寿，老屋展新姿。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p style="text-align:center;margin-right: 10px;margin-left: 10px;outline: 0px;vertical-align: initial;line-height: 1.75em;letter-spacing: 0.25px;"><br></p><p style="text-align:right;margin-right: 10px;margin-left: 10px;outline: 0px;vertical-align: initial;font-size: 16px;color: rgb(62, 62, 62);line-height: 1.5em;letter-spacing: 0.25px;font-family:思源黑体;"><br></p><p style="margin-right: 10px;margin-left: 10px;outline: 0px;font-size: 16px;vertical-align: initial;line-height: 1.5em;letter-spacing: 0.25px;font-family:-apple-system-font, 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